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1: Introduction

 

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It is the eastern gate that consecutive civilizations had stepped in throughout history. Palestine, the heart of ancient world, is located south-west of the Levant between the Mediterranean Sea in the west and the Jordan River in the east. It was first inhabited by Arab Canaanites and afterwards many other nations and states have competed to reign such as Babylonian and Assyrian then Persian and Roman till the Islamic conquests in the 7th century. The last Islamic ruling ended with the Ottoman Empire after its defeat in WWI and the takeover of British troops in 1917.

During this period, the British government facilitated the entry of the Jews to Palestine, who sought to establish a nation-state for the Jews by forced mass displacement of more than 750,000 Palestinians, who were forced out of their homes and lands, in 1948. That year is known now as the year of the Nakba (Catastrophe).

In 1967, the Israeli occupation seized the rest of the Palestinian lands, which is the West Bank and Gaza strip. The harsh situation of the Palestinians under the Israeli Occupation led to the First Intifada in 1987, where the Palestinians confronted Israeli’s cannon with rocks.

In 1993, the Oslo Accord was signed between Palestinian Liberation Organization and the Israeli Occupation. Under this agreement, the PLO recognized the Israeli state and in return it was granted an autonomy in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The Palestinians called it the Palestinian National Authority.

The Oslo accord divided the West Bank and Gaza Strip into three administrative areas: Area A is exclusively administered by the Palestinian Authority; Area B is administered by Palestinian civil administration but under Israeli security control; Area C is administered fully by Israel, which includes 61% of the total area of the West Bank.

The political history of Palestine required a strong media presence that is able to convey its reality, therefore, the Palestinian Media role is considered as one that serves the cause.

In this film, we will look at the reality of the Palestinian Media and the challenges it faces.

 

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هي بوابة الشرق التي وطأتها حضارات متعاقبة عبر التاريخ، فلسطين المتربعة في قلب العالم القديم جنوب غرب بلاد الشام بين البحر المتوسط غرباً ونهر الأردن شرقاً أول من سكنها كان العرب الكنعانيون وتعاقبت وتنافست على حكمها دول عديدة، كالبابليين والأشوريين مرورا بالفرس فالرومان إلى أن فتحها المسلمون في القرن السابع للميلاد، وكان اخر حكم إسلامي في فلسطين الدولة العثمانية التي هزمت في الحرب العالمية الأولى. وأعقب ذلك استيلاء القوات البريطانية على فلسطين عام ألف وتسعمئة وسبعة عشر (١٩١٧م ) 

في تلك الفترة سهلت الحكومة البريطانية دخول اليهود إلى فلسطين، وسعوا إلى قيام دولة قومية لليهود فيها من خلال التهجير القسري الجماعي عام ألف وتسعمئة وثمانية وأربعين ( ١٩٤٨ م ) لأكثر من سبعمئة وخمسين ألف فلسطيني، حيث تم تهجيرهم من بيوتهم وأراضيهم وعرف هذا العام بعام النكبة.

وفي عام ألف وتسعمئة وسبعة وستين (١٩٦٧ م ) استولى الاحتلال الإسرائيلي على باقي الأراضي الفلسطينية، وهي الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة.
أدت الأوضاع الصعبة التي عاشها الفلسطينيون في ظل الاحتلال الاسرائيلي إلى اندلاع الانتفاضة الأولى عام ألف وتسعمئة وسبعة وثمانين ( ١٩٨٧ م ) والتي تحدى بها الحجر الفلسطيني المدفع الاسرائيلي.

وفي عام ألف وتسعمئة وثلاثة وتسعين (١٩٩٣م) وقعت اتفاقية أوسلو بين قيادة منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية والاحتلال الاسرائيلي، وبموجب هذه الاتفاقية اعترفت منظمة التحرير بالاحتلال مقابل منح الفلسطينيين حكما ذاتيا في الضفة وقطاع غزة، سماه الفلسطينيون السلطة الوطنية الفلسطينية.

قسمت اتفاقية أوسلو الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة إلى ثلاث مناطق نفوذ : أ التابعة إلى السلطة الفلسطينية، ب منطقة ذات سيادة مشتركة، و ج تتبع لإدارة الاحتلال وتبلغ واحد وستين في المئة ٦١٪ من مساحة الضفة الغربية.

كان هذا التاريخ السياسي لفلسطين يستدعي وجود إعلام قوي قادر على نقل واقعها، ولذلك يعتبر الإعلام الفلسطيني إعلام قضية، وفي هذا الفيلم سنقف على واقع الإعلام الفلسطيني والتحديات التي يواجهها.

 

 

 

 

2: Media History

 

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3: Society & Areas of Conflict

 

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Hamas TV: Palestinian Media in Transition
"The Palestinian media arsenal currently consists of more than 80 public and private stations. These channels will now be re-formatted to better serve the vision of the new, Hamas-led government, Hamas officials told TBS. Not surprisingly, however, concerns have arisen about the content of broadcasting, since militant programming aired in the past has been directly linked to Hamas. What influence will a Hamas government have on the Palestinian media, particularly television?" (Salama, 2006)
Salama, Vivian (2006): Hamas TV: Palestinian Media in Transition. In: Transnational Broadcasting Studies 16, Jun-Dec. http://tbsjournal.arabmediasociety.com/Salama.html

 

 

 

4: General Information about the Media System

 

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Digital Shahid - From Broadcast Media to Citizen Journalism in Palestine.
Gianluca Iazzolina traces developments in Palestinian media from the partisan-dominated 1990s to the more diverse forms of the 21st century. He concludes that information technologies are helping to bridge the gap between Israeli and Palestinian civil societies, allowing them to mirror each other in their most human dimension.

Iazzolino, Gianluca (2010): Digital Shahid - From Broadcast Media to Citizen Journalism in Palestine. In: ARAB MEDIA SOCIETY No. 12, Winter, http://www.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/20101211120136_Iazzolino.pdf

Download full article

 

 

 

5: Media Use


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6: Media Politics & Press Freedom

 

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Palestine: Legal Framework for Media

Article by Toby Mendel, ARTICLE 19 Law Programme Director, and Dr. Ali Khashan on the legal framework for media in Palestine. This article was originally published in This Week in Palestine (www.thisweekinpalestine.com).

Mendel, Toby/ Khashan, Ali (2006): The Legal Framework for Media in Palestine and Under International Law, 02.05. http://www.article19.org/pdfs/analysis/palestine-media-framework.pdf

7: Media System & Public Broadcasting

 

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8: Ownership structure


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9: Journalism & how to become a Journalist


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Erweitern
titleFull Interview: Rudolf Porsch on Journalism

 

10: Social Media


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Digital Shahid - From Broadcast Media to Citizen Journalism in Palestine.
Gianluca Iazzolina traces developments in Palestinian media from the partisan-dominated 1990s to the more diverse forms of the 21st century. He concludes that information technologies are helping to bridge the gap between Israeli and Palestinian civil societies, allowing them to mirror each other in their most human dimension.

Iazzolino, Gianluca (2010): Digital Shahid - From Broadcast Media to Citizen Journalism in Palestine. In: ARAB MEDIA SOCIETY No. 12, Winter, http://www.arabmediasociety.com/articles/downloads/20101211120136_Iazzolino.pdf

Download full article

 

 

11: Outro

 

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