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National competition authorities also apply and enforce Art. 101 TFEU.

A.    The role Reg. 1/2003 plays for competition authorities in Member States

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Regulation 1/2003delegates executive competence to the national competition authorities and the national courtsand forms a system of parallel application of EU and national competition law. This enforcement system contributes to the  Europeanization of competition laws through cooperation between the European Commission and the national competition authorities . The European competition rules became directly applicable in the whole Union. Thus the full cooperation between the Commission and the national authorities of the Member States is not only required but imperative. The interaction between the European Commission and the national competition authorities is required by Article 11 of Regulation 1/2003. The NCAs and the Commission form a network of public authorities cooperating closely together.

B.     Degree of harmonization

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The entry into force of Regulation 1/2003 has brought forth the harmonization of the procedural rules on behalf of the Member States dedicated to the implementation of Art. 101 and 102 TFEU.

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