Seitenhistorie

...

Whereas:

...

(1)

...

The

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas,

...

which

...

has

...

been

...

pro?

...

gressively

...

implemented

...

since

...

1999,

...

aims

...

to

...

deliver

...

real

...

choice

...

for

...

all

...

consumers

...

in

...

the

...

Community,

...

be

...

they

...

citizens

...

or

...

businesses,

...

new

...

business

...

opportunities

...

and

...

more

...

cross-border

...

trade,

...

so

...

as

...

to

...

achieve

...

efficiency

...

gains,

...

com?

...

petitive

...

prices

...

and

...

higher

...

standards

...

of

...

service,

...

and

...

to

...

contribute

...

to

...

security

...

of

...

supply

...

and

...

sustainability.

...

(2)

...

Directive

...

2003/55/EC

...

of

...

the

...

European

...

Parliament

...

and

...

of

...

the

...

Council

...

of

...

26

...

June

...

2003

...

concerning

...

common

...

rules

...

for

...

the

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas

...

and

...

Regulation

...

(EC)

...

No

...

1775/2005

...

of

...

the

...

European

...

Parliament

...

and

...

of

...

the

...

Council

...

of

...

28

...

September

...

2005

...

on

...

conditions

...

for

...

access

...

to

...

the

...

natural

...

gas

...

transmission

...

networks

...

have

...

made

...

significant

...

contributions

...

towards

...

the

...

creation

...

of

...

such

...

an

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas.

...

(3)

...

Experience

...

gained

...

in

...

the

...

implementation

...

and

...

monitoring

...

of

...

a

...

first

...

set

...

of

...

Guidelines

...

for

...

Good

...

Practice,

...

adopted

...

by

...

the

...

European

...

Gas

...

Regulatory

...

Forum

...

(the

...

Madrid

...

Forum)

...

in

...

2002,

...

demonstrates

...

that

...

in

...

order

...

to

...

ensure

...

the

...

full

...

imple?

...

mentation

...

of

...

the

...

rules

...

set

...

out

...

in

...

those

...

guidelines

...

in

...

all

...

Member

...

States,

...

and

...

in

...

order

...

to

...

provide

...

a

...

minimum

...

guar?

...

antee

...

of

...

equal

...

market

...

access

...

conditions

...

in

...

practice,

...

it

...

is

...

necessary

...

to

...

provide

...

for

...

them

...

to

...

become

...

legally

...

enforceable.

...

(4)

...

A

...

second

...

set

...

of

...

common

...

rules

...

entitled

...

‘the

...

Second

...

Guide?

...

lines

...

for

...

Good

...

Practice’

...

was

...

adopted

...

at

...

the

...

meeting

...

of

...

the

...

Madrid

...

Forum

...

on

...

24

...

and

...

25

...

September

...

2003

...

and

...

the

...

pur?

...

pose

...

of

...

this

...

Regulation

...

is

...

to

...

lay

...

down,

...

on

...

the

...

basis

...

of

...

those

...

guidelines,

...

basic

...

principles

...

and

...

rules

...

regarding

...

network

...

access

...

and

...

third

...

party

...

access

...

services,

...

congestion

...

manage?

...

ment,

...

transparency,

...

balancing

...

and

...

the

...

trading

...

of

...

capacity

...

rights.

...

(5)

...

Directive

...

2009/73/EC

...

of

...

the

...

European

...

Parliament

...

and

...

of

...

the

...

Council

...

of

...

13

...

July

...

2009

...

concerning

...

common

...

rules

...

for

...

the

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas

...

(6)

...

provides

...

for

...

the

...

pos

...

-

...

sibility

...

of

...

a

...

combined

...

transmission

...

and

...

distribution

...

sys?

...

tem

...

operator.

...

The

...

rules

...

set

...

out

...

in

...

this

...

Regulation

...

do

...

not

...

therefore

...

require

...

modification

...

of

...

the

...

organisation

...

of

...

national

...

transmission

...

and

...

distribution

...

systems

...

that

...

are

...

consistent

...

with

...

the

...

relevant

...

provisions

...

of

...

that

...

Directive.

...

(6)

...

High-pressure

...

pipelines

...

linking

...

up

...

local

...

distributors

...

to

...

the

...

gas

...

network

...

which

...

are

...

not

...

primarily

...

used

...

in

...

the

...

context

...

of

...

local

...

distribution

...

are

...

included

...

in

...

the

...

scope

...

of

...

this

...

Regulation.

...

(7)

...

It

...

is

...

necessary

...

to

...

specify

...

the

...

criteria

...

according

...

to

...

which

...

tar?

...

iffs

...

for

...

access

...

to

...

the

...

network

...

are

...

determined,

...

in

...

order

...

to

...

ensure

...

that

...

they

...

fully

...

comply

...

with

...

the

...

principle

...

of

...

non

...

-

...

discrimination

...

and

...

the

...

needs

...

of

...

a

...

well-functioning

...

inter?

...

nal

...

market

...

and

...

take

...

fully

...

into

...

account

...

the

...

need

...

for

...

system

...

integrity

...

and

...

reflect

...

the

...

actual

...

costs

...

incurred,

...

insofar

...

as

...

such

...

costs

...

correspond

...

to

...

those

...

of

...

an

...

efficient

...

and

...

struc?

...

turally

...

comparable

...

network

...

operator

...

and

...

are

...

transparent,

...

whilst

...

including

...

appropriate

...

return

...

on

...

investments,

...

and,

...

where

...

appropriate,

...

taking

...

account

...

of

...

the

...

benchmarking

...

of

...

tariffs

...

by

...

the

...

regulatory

...

authorities.

...

(8)

...

In

...

calculating

...

tariffs

...

for

...

access

...

to

...

networks,

...

it

...

is

...

important

...

to

...

take

...

account

...

of

...

the

...

actual

...

costs

...

incurred,

...

insofar

...

as

...

such

...

costs

...

correspond

...

to

...

those

...

of

...

an

...

efficient

...

and

...

structurally

...

comparable

...

network

...

operator,

...

and

...

are

...

transparent,

...

as

...

well

...

as

...

of

...

the

...

need

...

to

...

provide

...

appropriate

...

return

...

on

...

invest?

...

ments

...

and

...

incentives

...

to

...

construct

...

new

...

infrastructure,

...

including

...

special

...

regulatory

...

treatment

...

for

...

new

...

investments

...

as

...

provided

...

for

...

in

...

Directive

...

2009/73/EC.

...

In

...

that

...

respect,

...

and

...

in

...

particular

...

if

...

effective

...

pipeline-to-pipeline

...

competi?

...

tion

...

exists,

...

the

...

benchmarking

...

of

...

tariffs

...

by

...

the

...

regulatory

...

authorities

...

will

...

be

...

a

...

relevant

...

consideration.

...

(9)

...

The

...

use

...

of

...

market-based

...

arrangements,

...

such

...

as

...

auctions,

...

to

...

determine

...

tariffs

...

has

...

to

...

be

...

compatible

...

with

...

the

...

provi?

...

sions

...

laid

...

down

...

in

...

Directive

...

2009/73/EC.

...

(10)

...

A

...

common

...

minimum

...

set

...

of

...

third-party

...

access

...

services

...

is

...

necessary

...

to

...

provide

...

a

...

common

...

minimum

...

standard

...

of

...

access

...

in

...

practice

...

throughout

...

the

...

Community,

...

to

...

ensure

...

that

...

third

...

party

...

access

...

services

...

are

...

sufficiently

...

compatible

...

and

...

to

...

allow

...

the

...

benefits

...

accruing

...

from

...

a

...

well-functioning

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas

...

to

...

be

...

exploited.

...

(11)

...

At

...

present,

...

there

...

are

...

obstacles

...

to

...

the

...

sale

...

of

...

gas

...

on

...

equal

...

terms,

...

without

...

discrimination

...

or

...

disadvantage

...

in

...

the

...

Com?

...

munity.

...

In

...

particular,

...

non-discriminatory

...

network

...

access

...

and

...

an

...

equally

...

effective

...

level

...

of

...

regulatory

...

supervision

...

do

...

not

...

yet

...

exist

...

in

...

each

...

Member

...

State,

...

and

...

isolated

...

markets

...

persist.

...

(12)

...

A

...

sufficient

...

level

...

of

...

cross-border

...

gas

...

interconnection

...

capacity

...

should

...

be

...

achieved

...

and

...

market

...

integration

...

fos?

...

tered

...

in

...

order

...

to

...

complete

...

the

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas.

...

(13)

...

The

...

Communication

...

of

...

the

...

Commission

...

of

...

10

...

January

...

2007

...

entitled

...

‘An

...

Energy

...

Policy

...

for

...

Europe’

...

highlighted

...

the

...

importance

...

of

...

completing

...

the

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas

...

and

...

creating

...

a

...

level

...

playing

...

field

...

for

...

all

...

natural

...

gas

...

undertakings

...

in

...

the

...

Community.

...

The

...

Communications

...

of

...

the

...

Commission

...

of

...

10

...

January

...

2007

...

entitled

...

‘Prospects

...

for

...

the

...

internal

...

gas

...

and

...

electricity

...

market’

...

and

...

‘Inquiry

...

pursu?

...

ant

...

to

...

Article

...

17

...

of

...

Regulation

...

(EC)

...

No

...

1/2003

...

into

...

the

...

European

...

gas

...

and

...

electricity

...

sectors

...

(Final

...

Report)’

...

demon?

...

strated

...

that

...

the

...

present

...

rules

...

and

...

measures

...

neither

...

provide

...

the

...

necessary

...

framework

...

nor

...

provide

...

for

...

the

...

creation

...

of

...

interconnection

...

capacities

...

to

...

achieve

...

the

...

objective

...

of

...

a

...

well-functioning,

...

efficient

...

and

...

open

...

internal

...

market.

...

(14)

...

In

...

addition

...

to

...

thoroughly

...

implementing

...

the

...

existing

...

regu?

...

latory

...

framework,

...

the

...

regulatory

...

framework

...

for

...

the

...

inter?

...

nal

...

market

...

in

...

natural

...

gas

...

set

...

out

...

in

...

Regulation

...

(EC)

...

No

...

1775/2005

...

should

...

be

...

adapted

...

in

...

line

...

with

...

those

...

communications.

...

(15)

...

In

...

particular,

...

increased

...

cooperation

...

and

...

coordination

...

among

...

transmission

...

system

...

operators

...

is

...

required

...

to

...

create

...

network

...

codes

...

for

...

providing

...

and

...

managing

...

effective

...

and

...

transparent

...

access

...

to

...

the

...

transmission

...

networks

...

across

...

borders,

...

and

...

to

...

ensure

...

coordinated

...

and

...

sufficiently

...

for?

...

ward

...

looking

...

planning

...

and

...

sound

...

technical

...

evolution

...

of

...

the

...

transmission

...

system

...

in

...

the

...

Community,

...

including

...

the

...

creation

...

of

...

interconnection

...

capacities,

...

with

...

due

...

regard

...

to

...

the

...

environment.

...

The

...

network

...

codes

...

should

...

be

...

in

...

line

...

with

...

framework

...

guidelines

...

which

...

are

...

non-binding

...

in

...

nature

...

(framework

...

guidelines)

...

and

...

which

...

are

...

developed

...

by

...

the

...

Agency

...

for

...

the

...

Cooperation

...

of

...

Energy

...

Regulators

...

estab?

...

lished

...

by

...

Regulation

...

(EC)

...

No

...

713/2009

...

of

...

the

...

European

...

Parliament

...

and

...

of

...

the

...

Council

...

of

...

13

...

July

...

2009

...

establish?

...

ing

...

an

...

Agency

...

for

...

the

...

Cooperation

...

of

...

Energy

...

Regulators

...

(the

...

Agency).

...

The

...

Agency

...

should

...

have

...

a

...

role

...

in

...

reviewing,

...

based

...

on

...

matters

...

of

...

fact,

...

draft

...

network

...

codes,

...

including

...

their

...

compliance

...

with

...

the

...

framework

...

guidelines,

...

and

...

it

...

should

...

be

...

enabled

...

to

...

recommend

...

them

...

for

...

adoption

...

by

...

the

...

Commission.

...

The

...

Agency

...

should

...

assess

...

proposed

...

amendments

...

to

...

the

...

network

...

codes

...

and

...

it

...

should

...

be

...

enabled

...

to

...

recommend

...

them

...

for

...

adoption

...

by

...

the

...

Commission.

...

Transmission

...

system

...

operators

...

should

...

operate

...

their

...

net?

...

works

...

in

...

accordance

...

with

...

those

...

network

...

codes.

...

(16)

...

In

...

order

...

to

...

ensure

...

optimal

...

management

...

of

...

the

...

gas

...

trans?

...

mission

...

network

...

in

...

the

...

Community

...

a

...

European

...

Network

...

of

...

Transmission

...

System

...

Operators

...

for

...

Gas

...

(the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas),

...

should

...

be

...

established.

...

The

...

tasks

...

of

...

the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas

...

should

...

be

...

carried

...

out

...

in

...

compliance

...

with

...

Community

...

competition

...

rules

...

which

...

remain

...

applicable

...

to

...

the

...

decisions

...

of

...

the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas.

...

The

...

tasks

...

of

...

the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas

...

should

...

be

...

well-defined

...

and

...

its

...

working

...

method

...

should

...

ensure

...

efficiency,

...

transparency

...

and

...

the

...

representative

...

nature

...

of

...

the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas.

...

The

...

network

...

codes

...

prepared

...

by

...

the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas

...

are

...

not

...

intended

...

to

...

replace

...

the

...

nec?

...

essary

...

national

...

network

...

codes

...

for

...

non

...

cross-border

...

issues.

...

Given

...

that

...

more

...

effective

...

progress

...

may

...

be

...

achieved

...

through

...

an

...

approach

...

at

...

regional

...

level,

...

transmission

...

system

...

operators

...

should

...

set

...

up

...

regional

...

structures

...

within

...

the

...

overall

...

cooperation

...

structure,

...

whilst

...

ensuring

...

that

...

results

...

at

...

regional

...

level

...

are

...

compatible

...

with

...

network

...

codes

...

and

...

non-binding

...

ten-year

...

network

...

development

...

plans

...

at

...

Com?

...

munity

...

level.

...

Cooperation

...

within

...

such

...

regional

...

structures

...

presupposes

...

effective

...

unbundling

...

of

...

network

...

activities

...

from

...

production

...

and

...

supply

...

activities.

...

In

...

the

...

absence

...

of

...

such

...

unbundling,

...

regional

...

cooperation

...

between

...

transmis?

...

sion

...

system

...

operators

...

gives

...

rise

...

to

...

a

...

risk

...

of

...

anti

...

-

...

competitive

...

conduct.

...

Member

...

States

...

should

...

promote

...

cooperation

...

and

...

monitor

...

the

...

effectiveness

...

of

...

the

...

network

...

operations

...

at

...

regional

...

level.

...

Cooperation

...

at

...

regional

...

level

...

should

...

be

...

compatible

...

with

...

progress

...

towards

...

a

...

competitive

...

and

...

efficient

...

internal

...

market

...

in

...

gas.

...

(17)

...

All

...

market

...

participants

...

have

...

an

...

interest

...

in

...

the

...

work

...

expected

...

of

...

the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas.

...

An

...

effective

...

consultation

...

process

...

is

...

therefore

...

essential

...

and

...

existing

...

structures

...

set

...

up

...

to

...

facilitate

...

and

...

streamline

...

the

...

consultation

...

process,

...

such

...

as

...

the

...

European

...

Association

...

for

...

the

...

Streamlining

...

of

...

Energy

...

Exchange,

...

national

...

regulators

...

or

...

the

...

Agency

...

should

...

play

...

an

...

important

...

role.

...

(18)

...

In

...

order

...

to

...

ensure

...

greater

...

transparency

...

regarding

...

the

...

devel?

...

opment

...

of

...

the

...

gas

...

transmission

...

network

...

in

...

the

...

Commu?

...

nity,

...

the

...

ENTSO

...

for

...

Gas

...

should

...

draw

...

up,

...

publish

...

and

...

regularly

...

update

...

a

...

non-binding

...

Community-wide

...

ten-year

...

network

...

development

...

plan

...

(Community-wide

...

network

...

development

...

plan).

...

Viable

...

gas

...

transmission

...

networks

...

and

...

necessary

...

regional

...

interconnections,

...

relevant

...

from

...

a

...

com?

...

mercial

...

or

...

security

...

of

...

supply

...

point

...

of

...

view,

...

should

...

be

...

included

...

in

...

that

...

network

...

development

...

plan.

...

(19)

...

To

...

enhance

...

competition

...

through

...

liquid

...

wholesale

...

markets

...

for

...

gas,

...

it

...

is

...

vital

...

that

...

gas

...

can

...

be

...

traded

...

independently

...

of

...

its

...

location

...

in

...

the

...

system.

...

The

...

only

...

way

...

to

...

do

...

this

...

is

...

to

...

give

...

network

...

users

...

the

...

freedom

...

to

...

book

...

entry

...

and

...

exit

...

capacity

...

independently,

...

thereby

...

creating

...

gas

...

transport

...

through

...

zones

...

instead

...

of

...

along

...

contractual

...

paths.

...

The

...

preference

...

for

...

entry-exit

...

systems

...

to

...

facilitate

...

the

...

development

...

of

...

com?

...

petition

...

was

...

already

...

expressed

...

by

...

most

...

stakeholders

...

at

...

the

...

6th

...

Madrid

...

Forum

...

on

...

30

...

and

...

31

...

October

...

2002.

...

Tariffs

...

should

...

not

...

be

...

dependent

...

on

...

the

...

transport

...

route.

...

The

...

tariff

...

set

...

for

...

one

...

or

...

more

...

entry

...

points

...

should

...

therefore

...

not

...

be

...

related

...

to

...

the

...

tariff

...

set

...

for

...

one

...

or

...

more

...

exit

...

points,

...

and

...

vice

...

versa.

...

(20)

...

References

...

to

...

harmonised

...

transport

...

contracts

...

in

...

the

...

con?

...

text

...

of

...

non-discriminatory

...

access

...

to

...

the

...

network

...

of

...

trans?

...

mission

...

system

...

operators

...

do

...

not

...

mean

...

that

...

the

...

terms

...

and

...

conditions

...

of

...

the

...

transport

...

contracts

...

of

...

a

...

particular

...

system

...

operator

...

in

...

a

...

Member

...

State

...

must

...

be

...

the

...

same

...

as

...

those

...

of

...

another

...

transmission

...

system

...

operator

...

in

...

that

...

Member

...

State

...

or

...

in

...

another

...

Member

...

State,

...

unless

...

minimum

...

require?

...

ments

...

are

...

set

...

which

...

must

...

be

...

met

...

by

...

all

...

transport

...

contracts.

...

(21)

...

There

...

is

...

substantial

...

contractual

...

congestion

...

in

...

the

...

gas

...

net?

...

works.

...

The

...

congestion-management

...

and

...

capacity

...

-

...

allocation

...

principles

...

for

...

new

...

or

...

newly

...

negotiated

...

contracts

...

are

...

therefore

...

based

...

on

...

the

...

freeing-up

...

of

...

unused

...

capacity

...

by

...

enabling

...

network

...

users

...

to

...

sublet

...

or

...

resell

...

their

...

contracted

...

capacities

...

and

...

the

...

obligation

...

of

...

transmission

...

system

...

opera?

...

tors

...

to

...

offer

...

unused

...

capacity

...

to

...

the

...

market,

...

at

...

least

...

on

...

a

...

day-ahead

...

and

...

interruptible

...

basis.

...

Given

...

the

...

large

...

propor?

...

tion

...

of

...

existing

...

contracts

...

and

...

the

...

need

...

to

...

create

...

a

...

true

...

level

...

playing

...

field

...

between

...

users

...

of

...

new

...

and

...

existing

...

capacity,

...

those

...

principles

...

should

...

be

...

applied

...

to

...

all

...

contracted

...

capac?

...

ity,

...

including

...

existing

...

contracts.

...

(22)

...

Although

...

physical

...

congestion

...

of

...

networks

...

is,

...

at

...

present,

...

rarely

...

a

...

problem

...

in

...

the

...

Community,

...

it

...

may

...

become

...

one

...

in

...

the

...

future.

...

It

...

is

...

important,

...

therefore,

...

to

...

provide

...

the

...

basic

...

principle

...

for

...

the

...

allocation

...

of

...

congested

...

capacity

...

in

...

such

...

circumstances.

...

(23)

...

Market

...

monitoring

...

undertaken

...

over

...

recent

...

years

...

by

...

the

...

national

...

regulatory

...

authorities

...

and

...

by

...

the

...

Commission

...

has

...

shown

...

that

...

current

...

transparency

...

requirements

...

and

...

rules

...

on

...

access

...

to

...

infrastructure

...

are

...

not

...

sufficient

...

to

...

secure

...

a

...

genuine,

...

well-functioning,

...

open

...

and

...

efficient

...

internal

...

mar?

...

ket

...

in

...

gas.

...

(24)

...

Equal

...

access

...

to

...

information

...

on

...

the

...

physical

...

status

...

and

...

effi?

...

ciency

...

of

...

the

...

system

...

is

...

necessary

...

to

...

enable

...

all

...

market

...

par?

...

ticipants

...

to

...

assess

...

the

...

overall

...

demand

...

and

...

supply

...

situation

...

and

...

to

...

identify

...

the

...

reasons

...

for

...

movements

...

in

...

the

...

whole?

...

sale

...

price.

...

This

...

includes

...

more

...

precise

...

information

...

on

...

sup?

...

ply

...

and

...

demand,

...

network

...

capacity,

...

flows

...

and

...

maintenance,

...

balancing

...

and

...

availability

...

and

...

usage

...

of

...

storage.

...

The

...

impor?

...

tance

...

of

...

that

...

information

...

for

...

the

...

functioning

...

of

...

the

...

mar?

...

ket

...

requires

...

alleviating

...

existing

...

limitations

...

to

...

publication

...

for

...

confidentiality

...

reasons.

...

(25)

...

Confidentiality

...

requirements

...

for

...

commercially

...

sensitive

...

information

...

are,

...

however,

...

particularly

...

relevant

...

where

...

data

...

of

...

a

...

commercially

...

strategic

...

nature

...

for

...

the

...

company

...

are

...

concerned,

...

where

...

there

...

is

...

only

...

one

...

single

...

user

...

for

...

a

...

stor?

...

age

...

facility,

...

or

...

where

...

data

...

are

...

concerned

...

regarding

...

exit

...

points

...

within

...

a

...

system

...

or

...

subsystem

...

that

...

is

...

not

...

connected

...

to

...

another

...

transmission

...

or

...

distribution

...

system

...

but

...

to

...

a

...

single

...

industrial

...

final

...

customer,

...

where

...

the

...

publication

...

of

...

such

...

data

...

would

...

reveal

...

confidential

...

information